Kemija - 2020. jesen, 10.

${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}}_3+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\rightleftharpoons {\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}}_4^{+}+{\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}}^{-}\backslash mathrm\{NH\}\_\{3\}+\backslash mathrm\{H\}\_\{2\}\; \backslash mathrm\{O\}\; \backslash rightleftharpoons\; \backslash mathrm\{NH\}\_\{4\}^\{+\}+\backslash mathrm\{OH\}^\{-\}\; \backslash quad$ i ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{O}}^{-}+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\rightleftharpoons {\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}+{\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}}^{-}\backslash quad\backslash mathrm\{CH\}\_\{3\}\; \backslash mathrm\{COO\}^\{-\}+\backslash mathrm\{H\}\_\{2\}\; \backslash mathrm\{O\}\; \backslash rightleftharpoons\; \backslash mathrm\{CH\}\_\{3\}\; \backslash mathrm\{COOH\}+\backslash mathrm\{OH\}^\{-\}$

${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}}_4^{+}+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\rightleftharpoons {\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}}_3+{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\backslash mathrm\{NH\}\_\{4\}^\{+\}+\backslash mathrm\{H\}\_\{2\}\; \backslash mathrm\{O\}\; \backslash rightleftharpoons\; \backslash mathrm\{NH\}\_\{3\}+\backslash mathrm\{H\}\_\{3\}\; \backslash mathrm\{O\}^\{+\}\; \backslash quad$ i ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{O}}^{-}+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\rightleftharpoons {\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}+{\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}}^{-}\backslash quad\backslash mathrm\{CH\}\_\{3\}\; \backslash mathrm\{COO\}^\{-\}+\backslash mathrm\{H\}\_\{2\}\; \backslash mathrm\{O\}\; \backslash rightleftharpoons\; \backslash mathrm\{CH\}\_\{3\}\; \backslash mathrm\{COOH\}+\backslash mathrm\{OH\}^\{-\}$

${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}}_4^{+}+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\rightleftharpoons {\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}}_3+{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\backslash mathrm\{NH\}\_\{4\}^\{+\}+\backslash mathrm\{H\}\_\{2\}\; \backslash mathrm\{O\}\; \backslash rightleftharpoons\; \backslash mathrm\{NH\}\_\{3\}+\backslash mathrm\{H\}\_\{3\}\; \backslash mathrm\{O\}^\{+\}\; \backslash quad$ i ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\rightleftharpoons {\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{O}}^{-}+{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\backslash quad\backslash mathrm\{CH\}\_\{3\}\; \backslash mathrm\{COOH\}+\backslash mathrm\{H\}\_\{2\}\; \backslash mathrm\{O\}\; \backslash rightleftharpoons\; \backslash mathrm\{CH\}\_\{3\}\; \backslash mathrm\{COO\}^\{-\}+\backslash mathrm\{H\}\_\{3\}\; \backslash mathrm\{O\}^\{+\}$

${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}}_3+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\rightleftharpoons {\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}}_4^{+}+{\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}}^{-}\backslash mathrm\{NH\}\_\{3\}+\backslash mathrm\{H\}\_\{2\}\; \backslash mathrm\{O\}\; \backslash rightleftharpoons\; \backslash mathrm\{NH\}\_\{4\}^\{+\}+\backslash mathrm\{OH\}^\{-\}\; \backslash quad$ i ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\rightleftharpoons {\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{O}}^{-}+{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\backslash quad\backslash mathrm\{CH\}\_\{3\}\; \backslash mathrm\{COOH\}+\backslash mathrm\{H\}\_\{2\}\; \backslash mathrm\{O\}\; \backslash rightleftharpoons\; \backslash mathrm\{CH\}\_\{3\}\; \backslash mathrm\{COO\}^\{-\}+\backslash mathrm\{H\}\_\{3\}\; \backslash mathrm\{O\}^\{+\}$