U engleskom se glagoli mogu pojaviti u dva glavna oblika - aktiv i pasiv
Usporedite u tablici rečenice u svojim aktivnim i pasivnim oblicima:
The Committee approved the project.
The project was approved by the Committee.
Small riverboats transported the stones.
The stones were transported by small riverboats.
Cars deliver heavy parcels.
Heavy parcels are delivered by cars.
Uočite kako subjekt u aktivnim rečenicama (zelena boja) preuzima mjesto objekta u pasivnim rečenicama. U skladu s time, objekt u aktivnim rečenicama (plava boja) postaje subjekt u pasivnim.
Pasive uglavnom tvorimo na dva načina:
The project was approved by the Committee.
The house got damaged during the hurricane.
Odabir pomoćnog glagola be ili get ponajviše ovisi o dva faktora:
npr. usporedite: be married (stanje) i get married (radnja; proces)
Razlikujemo dva oblika pasiva:
The criminal was arrested.
Team A is voted the winner.
Uočite da u ovim slučajevima vršitelji radnje su očiti pa ih nije ni bitno naglasiti (The criminal was arrested by the police.)
The stones were transported by small riverboats.
City hall is occupied by protesters.
U ovim primjerima, namjera je navesti novu informaciju za čitatelja pri kraju rečenice koja se tiče vršitelja radnje. Upravo izraz s prepozicijom by uvodi tu informaciju.
U tablici možemo vidjeti primjere s glagolima za koje je visoka vjerojatnost da ćemo ih sresti u njihovim pasivnim oblicima:
This is based on the knowledge we've gathered from the past.
George was born about six years later.
The project was approved by the Committee.
Social isolation is associated with greater cognitive decline
The rest were attributed to natural causes.
My girlfriend is inclined to make a big fuss about birthdays
The test has been subjected to severe criticism.
Many government buildings are classified as historic.
These clouds are composed of mainly water.
The bees were confined to their hives.
This course is designed for experienced teachers.
A stroke is diagnosed by medical professionals.
Paper copies are distributed free around campus.
Building cost is estimated at €6 billion.
It is intended to last forever.
These parts are labelled with Roman numerals.
Iz brojnih primjera uočite kako prevladavaju kratki pasivni oblici.
Prisjetimo se glavna dva glagolska aspekta u engleskom jeziku te kako koristiti pasiv za svaki od njih:
Continuous aspekt stavlja naglasak na proces, odnosno, radnju koja se odvija. Uglavnom je riječ o privremenoj radnji. Pasiv u continuous aspektu je izuzetno rijedak, a tvori se na sljedeći način: glagol to be + being + Past Participle
The witness is being questioned.
We were being observed.
Perfect aspekt povezuje dva događaja, najčešće prošlost i sadašnjost, a kada je riječ o pasivu, onda je naglasak na radnji, a ne vršitelju radnje. Tvorba se vrši na sljedeći način: has/have/had + been + Past Participle
It has been decided that calling off the meeting is not an option.
A website had been created to explain the process.
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