U engleskom jeziku, razlikujemo dva glagolska vremena - present i past, odnosno, glagolska vremena za sadašnjost i prošlost.
Budućnost (future) tvorimo na zaseban način.
Kako bismo preciznije definirali sadašnjost i prošlost, koristimo se glagolskim aspektima. Dok glagolska vremena (past, present, future) smještaju radnju u prošlost, sadašnjost ili budućnost, glagolski aspekti opisuju vrijeme odnosno radnju samu po sebi te odgovaraju na pitanja poput:
I did it. (Učino sam to)
I go to cinema every Friday. (Idem u kino svaki petak.)
I was reading a book. (Čitao sam knjigu.)
Razlikujemo tri dominantna glagolska aspekta:
Katkad, ovaj aspekt nazivamo neoznačenim jer predstavlja osnovni oblik glagolskog vremena. Koristi se za izražavanje činjenica te čestih, ponavljanih ili završenih radnji.
I did it.
Opera performers sing loudly.
I go to cinema every Friday.
Continuous aspect se u engleskom još naziva i progressive aspect upravo zato što je naglasak na procesu, odnosno, radnji koja se odvija. Uglavnom je riječ o privremenoj radnji.
I was reading a book.
It is raining.
Continuous aspekt možemo zamisliti kao povećalo kojime sagledavamo neku radnju u detalje. Usporedite radnju izraženu u simple i continuous aspektu:
She played with the dog.
She was playing with the dog.
Ovaj aspekt koristimo kada zaokružujemo radnju koja traje kroz vrijeme. Drugim riječima, perfect aspekt povezuje dva događaja, najčešće prošlost i sadašnjost:
The crisis has created numerous problems. (Kriza je stvorila mnogo problema.)
Iz primjera znamo dvije informacije:
U tablici možemo vidjeti pregled glagolskih vremena. Uz svako glagolsko vrijeme, nalaze se primjeri koji ilustriraju svako pojedino značenje napisano u natuknici u retku pored. Naprimjer, za Present Simple, prva rečenica (I play rugby at weekends) predstavlja rutinu i česte radnje, a druga rečenica (The Sava river flows through Zagreb) označava činjenicu.
I play rugby at weekends. (Igram ragbi svakog vikenda.)
The Sava river flows through Zagreb. (Rijeka Sava teče kroz Zagreb.)
never, rarely, usually, often, always, on Wednesdays, every Wednesday, twice a week, once a month, in general, every other day
Currently, I am working on a project. (Trenutno radim na jednom projektu.)
They are living here, for now. (Oni žive ovdje za sada.)
I am traveling a lot these days. (Dosta putujem ovih dana.)
I am walking carefully. (Oprezno hodam.)
now, right now, at the moment, at present, as we speak, currently, for now, for the time being, these days
I can't go because I have broken my arm. (Ne mogu ići jer sam slomio/la ruku.)
I have just heard the news! (Upravo sam čuo/la novosti!)
He has never seen this play. (Nikad nije pogledao ovu predstavu.)
I have known her since I was a child. (Poznajem ju odmalena.)
for, since, yet, just, ever, never, always, so far, many times, lately, recently, already, up to now, until now, by now
Karen and I have been climbing mountains for the past 10 years. (Karen i ja se bavimo penjanjem zadnjih 10 godina.)
I am angry because I have been waiting for you all this time! (Ljut/a sam jer sam te čekao/la cijelo ovo vrijeme!)
for, since, until now, up to now, all day, recently, lately
I saw Bella yesterday morning. (Vidio/la sam Bellu jučer ujutro.)
My grandpa lived in this house. (Moj djed je živio u ovoj kući.)
yesterday, this morning, this evening, last week/year, a week/month ago, that day/afternoon, the other day/week, at eleven o’clock, on Tuesday, in 2010/..., once upon a time
I don't remember what I was doing at 8 o'clock that morning. (Ne sjećam se što sam radio/la u 8 sati tog jutra.)
While I was preparing dinner, someone knocked on the door. (Dok sam pripremao/la večeru, netko je pokucao na vrata.)
while, when, as, all day, in the morning/evening/night, yesterday, yesterday at 6/7/8/... o'clock, this time yesterday, this time last year
Jack had done his homework before guests arrived. (Jack je bio dovršio svoju zadaću prije nego što su došli gosti.)
before, after, by the time, until
Bella had been experiencing headaches before she finally did something about it. (Bella je imala glavobolje dok nije napokon nešto poduzela u vezi toga.)
before, after, by the time, until
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