Handwriting is a complex motor skill that is the combination of sensory, neurological, and physiological impulses. It incorporates factors such as visual perception and sensitivity, comprehension of form, central nervous system pathways, and the anatomy and physiology of the bones and muscles of the hand and arm. (0) All of these components combine to produce the desired output.
Most people learn to write by reproducing letters from a copybook at a young age. (19)
. It is based on each writer’s perception of the image and his or her ability (motor skills) to reproduce that visual perception.
The act of handwriting is mastered through practice and repetition. (20)
. They deviate from the copybook forms, adding their own individual characteristics. The writing becomes a pattern of the subconscious, habitual formations that are repeated from one writing to the next.
Each person has their own unique style of handwriting, whether it is everyday handwriting or their personal signature. Although genes, the place where one grows up, and one’s first language are significant, other forces and ways of shaping words combine to create a unique style of handwriting for each person. (21)
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Experts have compared the handwriting of twins and other individuals. Twins typically share the same environmental influences, study in the same school systems at the same time, and, in the case of identical twins, share the same DNA. Therefore, one would expect the handwriting of twins to be more similar than the handwriting of other individuals. In fact, identical twins have been found to share a high degree of similarity in their handwriting. (22)
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The comparison and evaluation of individual features or habits enable forensic experts to identify or exclude, if possible, a known writer as the source for any questioned script. Lay people observe only the features of the handwriting such as letter formation, size, or slope of the handwriting. (23)
. These subtleties may differentiate between the handwriting of one person and other very similar ones.
Handwriting features that experts evaluate include the size and slope of the writing, pen pressure, pen lifts, the spacing between words and letters, the position of the writing on the baseline, height relationships, beginning and ending strokes, and line quality. (24)
. Rather, it is proved through a combination of the significant features between the writings, with no significant differences.
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