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The term stress as it relates to the human condition first emerged in scientific literature in the 1930s, but it did not enter the popular vernacular until the 1970s (Lyon, 2012). Today, we often use the term loosely in describing a variety of unpleasant feeling states; for example, we often say we are stressed out when we feel frustrated, angry, conflicted, overwhelmed, or fatigued.
Researchers have had a difficult time agreeing on an acceptable definition of stress. Some have conceptualized stress as a demanding or threatening event or situation (e.g., a high-stress job, overcrowding, and long commutes to work).
These definitions of stress are problematic, however, because they fail to recognize that people differ in how they view and react to challenging life events and situations. For example, a conscientious student who has studied diligently all semester would likely experience less stress during final exams week than would a less responsible, unprepared student.
Others have conceptualized stress in ways that emphasize the physiological responses that occur when faced with demanding or threatening situations. These conceptualizations are referred to as response-based definitions because they describe stress as a response to environmental conditions.
This approach is response-based in that it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the body’s physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it.
Neither stimulus-based nor response-based definitions provide a complete definition of stress. Many of the physiological reactions that occur when faced with demanding situations (e.g., accelerated heart rate) can also occur in response to things that most people would not consider to be genuinely stressful.
A useful way to conceptualize stress is to view it as a process in which an individual perceives and responds to events that they judge to be overwhelming or threatening to their well-being.
Odlučite radi li se o točnoj (true) ili netočnoj (false) tvrdnji.
The word stress gained its modern meaning before the 1970s.
The text deals with methods of dealing successfully with stress.
The example of a student studying for their test shows that not everyone has the same reaction.
The response-based approach to stress focuses on psychological changes one experiences.
The stimulus-based approach defines stress as something linked to uncomfortable events.
The author states that individuals respond to the same events differently depending on their perception.
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